Mercedes-Benz 260 Classic Cars for Sale

History of the Mercedes-Benz 260 D (W 138)

Launched in February 1936 at the Berlin Motor Show, the Mercedes-Benz 260 D (W 138) was developed as an evolution of the Typ 200/230 platform. It set a milestone in automotive engineering as the world’s first successfully produced diesel passenger car, partly sharing this title with the Hanomag Rekord. Earlier attempts to use six-cylinder diesel powertrains failed due to severe vibration issues and structural damage. The solution came with a robust four-cylinder OM138 diesel engine, initially placed in Pullman-Landaulets and most famously employed as a taxi thanks to its economical fuel consumption. These early models, named 'Nullserie', were produced between 1936 and 1937 and quickly became a familiar sight in urban centres across Germany.

Model Evolution and Generations

Initially based on the Typ 200/230 chassis, the first 260 D units were followed by an update in 1937 that shifted to the W 143 platform. This change allowed the diesel engine to be used not only in taxis but also in more broadly available four-seater saloons and cabriolet variants. The gearboxes also evolved – early models featured a four-speed transmission with overdrive, later replaced with a conventional four-speed setup. The onset of World War II brought production of the 260 D to an end in 1940. Mercedes-Benz would only resume diesel-powered passenger car production after the war with the introduction of the 170 D in 1949.

Highlights of the Mercedes-Benz 260 Series

The Mercedes-Benz 260 D stands out for pioneering diesel technology in passenger cars. Technical innovation included the vibration-dampened four-cylinder OM138 diesel engine and a robust chassis with advanced suspension for its time—hydraulic drum brakes on all wheels, coil-spring rear suspension, and independent front suspension with transverse leaf springs. The exceptional fuel economy, reliability, and practicality made it ideal for high-mileage applications, especially in taxi service. Usage of the 260 D in diverse body styles—including luxurious cabriolets—demonstrates its versatility.

Technical Data

Special Editions and Collectible Models

The so-called 'Nullserie' (pilot series) produced from 1936 to 1937, primarily configured as taxis in Pullman-Landaulet form, represents a distinct special edition within the 260 D line. Later, the availability of the 260 D as cabriolet versions and other luxury configurations expanded the model’s appeal beyond commercial use. These early diesel models are particularly sought after for their historic significance and limited numbers.

Engine, Transmission and Driving Dynamics

The four-cylinder OM138 diesel engine in the Mercedes-Benz 260 D represented a breakthrough in long-lasting, low-consumption passenger car technology. While 45 hp may appear modest, the engine’s character and output were balanced for reliable, economical cruising at up to 94 km/h. The four-speed manual transmission (with and without overdrive, depending on series) provided robust power delivery. The advanced suspension system—with independent setup at the front—imparted stable, comfortable handling for the time. The hydraulic brakes were technically up-to-date, ensuring reliable stopping performance. Notable versions include the Pullman-Landaulet primarily used as taxis, the W 143-based four-seat saloons, and cabriolet variants. Their technical data is consistent, all using the OM138 diesel engine and similar chassis design.

Interior, Comfort, Exterior and Design

The 260 D combined classic Mercedes styling with practicality. Early models boasted solid, understated saloon profiles and Pullman bodies distinguished by generous interior space—especially suited to commercial use. Cabriolet versions featured more luxurious trim and upholstery. The use of high-quality materials was typical for the era, with special wood accents and period-correct instrumentation. Design characteristics included chrome accents, integrated fenders, and a purposeful, upright grille. Accessories and optional extras, typical for pre-war upper mid-range Mercedes models, could include additional lighting, rare two-tone paint schemes, and luxury upholstery for non-commercial versions.

Summary

The Mercedes-Benz 260 D (W 138) is a landmark in automotive engineering due to its pioneering diesel technology, robust mechanical build quality, and adaptability to various body styles. Its use as a professional taxi underscored its durability and efficiency. Surviving examples are rare and present a unique opportunity for collectors interested in Mercedes-Benz’s early innovations in diesel motoring and pre-war craftsmanship.