BMW R 12 classic motorcycles for sale

History of the BMW R 12

Unveiled in 1935, the BMW R 12 redefined motorcycle construction in Germany. As one of the first production motorcycles with a hydraulically damped telescopic fork, the R 12 marked a clear engineering leap over its contemporaries, setting new standards in handling and comfort. Designed for both civilian use and with adaptability for military service, the R 12 was manufactured until 1942. Its rugged frame construction and reliable boxer engine made it one of BMW’s most widely produced pre-war motorcycles, cementing its place in both technological and social history.

Model History

The R 12 succeeded earlier BMW flat-twin models such as the R 11, offering performance improvements and technological innovation. The R 12 was produced alongside its stablemate, the sportier R 17, but more than tripled the R 17's production numbers. Production focused mainly on robust reliability and versatility. After the R 12, BMW would not return to telescopic forks in serial motorcycles until after the war, with models like the R 51/2.

Highlights of the BMW R 12

• First mass-produced motorcycle with hydraulic telescopic forks
• Side-valve 745 cc flat twin engine, renowned for its longevity
• Durable pressed-steel frame, engineered for stability and strength
• Highly adaptable: Used for both civilian touring and military dispatch during its production years

Technical Data

Special Editions and Collectible Models

Some R 12s were built specifically for military purposes between 1938 and 1942, featuring modified equipment such as sidecar mounts and blackout lighting. These military variants are particularly prized among collectors for their period-correct details and provenance.

Weak Spots and Common Issues

Routine checks should target the hydraulic fork, as worn seals or play can develop. Electrical systems are basic but prone to corrosion. The engine itself is robust, but old wiring and fuel delivery components may need careful restoration or replacement due to age. Pay special attention to the shaft drive and transmission for wear if the bike saw extensive service use.

Engine and Performance, Transmission and Handling

The R 12’s 745 cc engine delivers steady, torque-rich performance, ideal for sidecar use or solo riding over long distances. The hand-shifted four-speed gearbox reacts with precision when maintained well, and the pressed-steel frame offers superior stability compared to tubular frames of the era. The hydraulic fork defined a new level of comfort and control during its time, especially on rough roads or when fitted with a sidecar. The standard solo R 12 is notable, but military sidecar versions with reinforced frames and special fittings also stand out for their technical and historical relevance.

Design, Interior, Comfort, and Accessories

The R 12’s aesthetics are unmistakable: a robust pressed-steel frame combined with tank-mounted gear levers and simple, accessible controls. Standard finishes are typically black with white pinstriping—characteristic for BMW motorcycles of the period. Military versions received matte paintwork and practical details. Accessories included BMW’s own sidecar, factory-issued tool rolls, and period-correct lighting. The fork, a striking technical and design element, remains a focal point on any restored example.

Other Relevant Features

Original documentation, matching numbers, and complete accessories strongly influence the value and collectability of an R 12. Many parts are available through specialist suppliers due to the high production numbers, making restoration more feasible than for many peers of similar age.

Summary

The BMW R 12 exemplifies pre-war German motorcycle engineering, with robust mechanicals and one of the most significant innovations of its era—the hydraulic telescopic fork. Military and civilian versions each bring unique attributes to collectors and enthusiasts, and the R 12’s presence in the classic market remains singular due to its crucial historical role and technical advances.