FIAT 508 Classic Cars for Sale

History of the FIAT 508 (Balilla)

The FIAT 508 was launched in 1932 at the Milan Motor Show, marking a new chapter for Italian automotive accessibility. Its design was led by a team including Dante Giacosa and Tranquillo Zerbi, with the goal of offering an affordable yet technically sophisticated small car to a broader public. Named 'Balilla' after a popular national figure, the 508 instantly struck a chord with the social and political mood of 1930s Italy. Across its production run, ending in 1937, more than 112,000 units rolled off the lines, symbolising Italy's economic and social transformation through motorisation.

Model History and Evolution

The 508 replaced the FIAT 509 and was succeeded by the FIAT 1100. Initially launched as a two- or four-door Berlina (saloon) featuring a 3-speed gearbox and a side-valve, 995cc four-cylinder engine, subsequent versions improved comfort and performance. In 1933, the introduction of the 508B brought a more aerodynamic body and a four-speed gearbox. A wide array of variants emerged: Spider (convertible), Spider Sport, Torpedo, Berlinetta Aerodinamica, and even militarised and commercial versions, reflecting the model’s adaptability. Several special-bodied cars were created by renowned coachbuilders like Ghia, Viotti, and Kelsch, making each series a showcase of international collaboration and technical development.

Highlights and Special Features of the FIAT 508

A standout feature of the FIAT 508 was its innovative engineering for the era: hydraulic brakes on all four wheels, a sturdy X-braced chassis, and a remarkably low entry price for its class. Versatility defined the model, with engine power ranging from 20 PS in early versions up to 46 PS in the 508S racing derivatives. Its sporting pedigree was proven by successful entries in events such as the Mille Miglia and partnership with Scuderia Ferrari in the mid-1930s. The 508’s robust mechanics and straightforward technology provided a blend of durability and user-friendly maintenance, while its body styles accommodated luxury, sport, and utility requirements. According to our listings, 1.0% of all FIAT ads are for the 508 series, and listings of the 508 account for 6% of the total viewership for FIAT classic cars. This demonstrates notable sustained interest from the collector community.

Technical Data

Special Editions and Collectible Models

Numerous special versions underline the diversity of the 508 series. The 508S Spider Sport featured Siata-tuned OHV engines up to 46 PS, pronounced wings, and lightweight sport bodies, often with Ghia or other coachbuilt designs. The Berlinetta Aerodinamica stood out for its streamlined fastback profile. There were also limited military versions, including Coloniale and Officina, and rare bodies tailored for racing or commercial use. Many of these special or competition-tailored editions are rarities today.

Weak Spots and Common Issues

While the FIAT 508 is respected for its straightforward mechanics and robust build, potential owners should be aware of the following: brake hydraulics can suffer from seal leakage with infrequent use, and rusty chassis sections are not uncommon due to the car's age and original materials. Sheet metal and lower body sills often require attention. Electrical systems (originally 6V) may need thorough refurbishment, especially in early models. Despite these points, parts availability is good owing to high production numbers.

Engine, Performance, and Handling

The original 995cc engines deliver 20PS and a top speed of 80km/h, sufficient for 1930s roads and well-suited to leisurely drives today. Later models with 24PS and 4-speed gearboxes offered improved drivability, while the Spider Sport and racing Berlinettas benefitted from higher output and lighter bodies, exceeding 100km/h. Handling is predictable, with rigid axles and leaf springs delivering a characteristically firm period ride. Hydraulic brakes, progressive for this class and era, offered decent stopping ability compared to cable-operated systems of some rivals. - 508 Berlina: Baseline 2/4-door, simple 20–24 PS

• 508S Spider Sport: 30–36 PS, Siata tuning, Ghia/Viotti/Kelsch bodies, race pedigree
• 508C: More powerful (1089cc), basis for postwar Fiat 1100

Design, Interior, and Accessories

Design of the FIAT 508 is a blend of sober 1920s lines and forward-looking 1930s details. Distinctively upright grilles, separate mudguards, and chrome elements mark early models; the 508B and C adopted more aerodynamic forms, including raked grilles and rounded bodies. Interiors were typically cloth in standard saloons, with leather or imitation finishes in Lusso and sport models. Notable features include manually crank-operated windows, mechanical signalling ('wig-wag' indicators), and optional folding or opening windscreens. Some variants featured bespoke coachwork—especially from Bertone, Savio, Ghia—with exclusive colors, upholstery, and custom dashboards. Accessories such as additional spare wheel mounts and chromed fixtures were commonly specified.

Other Notable Features

Production took place not only in Turin, but also in Germany (NSU-Fiat), France (Simca-Fiat), Poland (Polski Fiat), and Czechoslovakia, with local modifications for market needs. For example, Polish versions had reinforced bodies and suspension to handle local roads. Many vehicles today retain their original or historic Italian registration documents, and several enjoy a place in private collections or museums. The good parts supply ensures ongoing viability for restoration enthusiasts.

Summary

The FIAT 508 stands as a landmark in affordable pre-war European motoring, unmatched in its blend of technological innovation, variety of body styles, and accessibility. Appreciated for its tech-forward approach to chassis, brakes, and body configurations, the 508 is a central figure for collectors seeking both historical value and driving engagement in a classic Italian car.